PHYTOCHELATINS ANDMETALLOTHIONEINS: Roles in Heavy Metal Detoxification and Homeostasis
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Phytochelatins and metallothioneins: roles in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis.
Among the heavy metal-binding ligands in plant cells the phytochelatins (PCs) and metallothioneins (MTs) are the best characterized. PCs and MTs are different classes of cysteine-rich, heavy metal-binding protein molecules. PCs are enzymatically synthesized peptides, whereas MTs are gene-encoded polypeptides. Recently, genes encoding the enzyme PC synthase have been identified in plants and oth...
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Plants respond to heavy metal toxicity in a variety of different ways. Such responses include immobilization, exclusion, chelation and compartmentalization of the metal ions, and the expression of more general stress response mechanisms such as ethylene and stress proteins. These mechanisms have been reviewed comprehensively by Sanita di Toppi and Gabbrielli (1999) for plants exposed to Cd, the...
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Heavy metals are metallic elements which have a high atomic weight and a density much greater (at least 5 times) than water. There are more than 20 heavy metals, but four are of particular concern to human health: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and inorganic arsenic (As). According to the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, these four heavy metals are four of the top six...
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Microalgae are aquatic organisms possessing molecular mechanisms that allow them to discriminate non-essential heavy metals from those essential ones for their growth. The different detoxification processes executed by algae are reviewed with special emphasis on those involving the peptides metallothioneins, mainly the post transcriptionally synthesized class III metallothioneins or phytochelat...
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As is a ubiquitous element present in the atmosphere as well as in the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Arsenite and arsenate are the major forms of As intoxication, and these anions are readily taken up by plants. Both anions efficiently induce the biosynthesis of phytochelatins (PCs) ([gamma-glutamate-cysteine](n)-glycine) in vivo and in vitro. The rapid induction of the metal-binding PC...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Annual Review of Plant Biology
سال: 2002
ISSN: 1543-5008,1545-2123
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.53.100301.135154